Learning and Teaching in Multigrade Settings IOE logo

Bibliography by author

Research Bibliography (alphabetically by author). Click on the letter of the surname of the author for whom you are searching:

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Many of the articles and books referenced in this annotated bibliography are available in print in the Institute of Education Library - search the IOE library catalogue using the key word 'multiple classes'.

 

A

Abhayadeva, C. M.,1989. Development of multi-grade and multi-level teaching strategies: towards qualitative development of primary education in Sri Lanka. National Institute of Education, Maharagama, Sri Lanka.

Adams, J.J., 1953. Achievement and social adjustment of pupils in combination classes enrolling pupils of more than one grade level. Journal of Educational Research, 47: 151-155.

Aikman, S., Pridmore P., 1999. Multigrade teaching and learning: a study of classroom practice and teacher education in northern Vietnam. Institute of Education, University of London. (no abstract available)

Aikman, S., Pridmore, P., 2001. Multigrade schools in 'remote' areas of Vietnam. International Journal of Educational Development, 21 (6): 521-536.

Aikman, S., Hanan, H., 2006. EFA for pastoralists in North Sudan: A mobile multigrade model of schooling. In: Little, A. (ed), Education for All and Multigrade Teaching: Challenges and Opportunities. Springer, Dordrecht.

Akyeampong, A. K., 2006. Extending basic education to out-of-school children in Northern Ghana: What can multigrade schooling teach us? In: Little, A. (ed), Education for All and Multigrade Teaching: Challenges and Opportunities. Springer, Dordrecht.

Ames, P.,1999. Mejorando la Escuela Rural: Trés Decadas de Experiencias Educativas en el Perú. IEP, Peru, Report Number: 96.

Ames, P. 2001. ¿Libros para todos? Maestros y textos escolares en el Perú rural (Books for all? Teachers and school textbooks in rural Peru). Consorcio de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales/Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima. Full text

Ames, P. 2006. A multigrade approach to literacy in the Amazon, Peru: School and community perspectives. In: Little, A. (ed), Education for All and Multigrade Teaching: Challenges and Opportunities. Springer, Dordrecht

Angeles-Bautista, F (ed.), 1994. The multigrade teacher's handbook. BEE/DECS/UNICEF: Philippines.

Arnold, R., Roberts, B., 1990. Small primary schools: a report for education officers and advisers. International Journal of Educational Management, 4 (5): 4-12.

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B

Bacharach N., Hasslen R. C., Anderson J.,1995. Learning together: A manual for multiage grouping. Corwin Press Inc, Thousand Oaks, California.

Barker Lunn J.,1984. Junior school teachers: their methods and practice. Educational Research, 26 (3): 178-188.

Barsaga, E.B, Lacuesta, D.P., 1997. An evaluation of the multigrade program in Philippine education. South East Asian Ministers of Education Organization, Regional Center for Educational Innovation and Technology (SEAMEO INNOTECH).

Basic Primary Education Project, 2000. Multigrade teacher training manual (for teachers). Primary Teacher Training Unit, Sanothimi, Nepal.

Bell, A., Sigsworth, A.,1987. The small rural primary school: a matter of quality. The Falmer Press, East Sussex.

Benveniste, L.A., McEwan, P.J., 2000. Constraints to implementing educational innovations: The case of multigrade schools. International Review of Education, 46 (1/2): 31-48.

Bennett, N., O'Hare, E., Lee J., 1983. Mixed-age classes in primary schools: a survey of practice. British Educational Research Journal 9 (1 ): 41-56.

Bennett, N., Roth, E., Dunne, R., 1987. Task processes in mixed and single aged classes. Education 3-13, March 1987: 43-50.

Berry, C.,1996. Multi-grade teaching in Steward L., Thomas E. (eds.) Caribbean Issues and Developments. London: Commonwealth Secretariat pp127-132.

Berry, C., 2000. Multigrade teaching: a discussion document. Paper delivered at Commonwealth Secretariat Multigrade Workshop (Gaberone, Botswana, 19-21 July, 2000). Full text

Berry, C., 2001. Achievement effects of multigrade and monograde schools in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Unpublished PhD thesis: Institute of Education, University of London.

Berry, C., 2001. Achievement effects of multigrade and monograde schools in the Turks and Caicos Islands. International Journal of Educational Development, 21 (6): 537-552.

Berry, C. 2002. Multigrade teaching: implications for the continuing professional development of teachers in the Caribbean. In Thomas, E., 2002, Teacher Education: Dilemmas and Proespects. Kogan Page, London: 183-192.

Bharadway, N.S., Boda, A., 1998. Multigrade teaching in small schools. Paper presented at Conference on Learning Organisation, Community Participation and School Effectiveness at Primary Stage: International perspective 1998. National Council of Educational Research and Training, Delhi, India.

Bhatacharjee, D.K., 1998. How to operationalise research-based interventions/strategies to improve the pedagogy of rural primary schools in multigrade context? Regional Institute of Education , National Council of Education and Research and Training ( NCERT) , New Delhi.

Birch, I. (Ed.), 1993. Multigrade teaching bulletin 1993. Asia-Pacific Centre of Educational Innovation for Development: Bangkok.

Birch, I., Lally, M., 1995. Multigrade teaching in primary schools. Asia-Pacific Centre of Educational Innovation for Development: Bangkok. Full text

Blum, N. &, Rashmi Diwan, 2007. Small, Multigrade Schools and Increasing Access to Primary Education in India: National Context and NGO Initiatives. CREATE PATHWAYS TO ACCESS. Research Monograph No17. CREATE: Brighton.

Bouri, J., Barker, Lunn J., 1969. Too small to stream: a study of grouping in small junior schools. NFER: Slough.

Bray, M., 1987. Are small schools the answer? Cost-effective strategies for rural school provision. Commonwealth Secretariat: London.

Brown, K. G., Martin, A. B., 1989. Student achievement in multigrade and single grade classes. Education Canada 29 (2): 10-13.

Bustos Jiménez, A., 2006. A research study reveals that students from rural areas earn higher grades than student from urban areas

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C

Cambridge University 1981. A positive approach to rural primary schools: A Cambridge policy study in education. Department of Education, University of Cambridge.

Campbell, G., 1993. Assessing the impact of multigrade classes: an annotated bibliography. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 49 (2): 345-364.

Cash, T., 2000. Models of multigrade teaching. Paper delivered at Symposium on Multigrade Teaching, Maharagama, Sri lanka, 21st September 2000. Full text

Centre Departemental de Documentation Pedagogique du Haut-Rhin, 2002. La Classe Unique. CDDP.

CERID 1988. Multigrade teaching in primary schools of Nepal (parts1-3). Research Centre for Educational Innovation and Development, Kathmandu.

CERID 1989. Multigrade teaching in primary schools. Research Centre for Educational Innovation and Development, Kathmandu.

Cervera, Stéphanie, 2000. Les classes à cours multiples: comment ça fonctionne ? (Multigrade classes: how does it work?). Mémoire IUFM PE2, Académie de Montpellier.

Chesterfield, R. 1994. Indicators of democratic behaviour in Nueva Escuela Unitaria (NEU) schools. for Juarez and Associates United States Agency for International Devleopment/Guatemala.

Colbert, V., Chiappe, C., Arboleda, J., 1993. The New School Program: more and better primary education for children in rural areas in Colombia. In Levin, H.M., Lockheed, M.E., Effective schools in developing countries.World Bank: Washington.

Colbert, V., 1999. Improving the access and quality of education for the rural poor: the case of the New School in Colombia. Development of primary education in Africa: a refresher study programme for World Bank Staff: IDS, University of Sussex.

Colbert, V., 2002. Improving the access and quality of education for the rural poor: the case of the New School in Colombia. Paper delivered at a conference entitled 'Education for All: Enhancing the quality and ensuring excellence' (Insitute of Education, University of London, 22nd November, 2002).

Collingwood, I., 1991. Multiclass teaching in primary schools: a handbook for teachers in the Pacific. UNESCO Office for the Pacific States: Apia, Western Samoa. Full text

Commonwealth Secretariat, 1997. Teacher education modules for multi-grade teaching modules 1-9 (DRAFT). Commonwealth Secretariat: London.

CONAFE, 1996. Educación comunitaria rural: una experiencia mexicana. Mexico: Consejo Nacional de Fomento Educativo.

Concilus, J. and R., 1994. A multigrade curriculum for small schools. Nelson Lagoon School, Anchorage.

Concilus, J and R., unknown year. Research in Multigrade, Multiage & Nongraded Education. Nelson Lagoon School, Anchorage.

Coopers and Lybrand ,1993. Good management in small schools. London: DfEE

Cornall, J.N., 1986. The small school: achievements and problems. Education Today, 36 (1) 25-36.

Cornish, L. (ed), 2006. Reaching EFA through multi-grade teaching: Issues, contexts and practices. Armidale: Kardoorair Press.

Cummings, W. K., 1986. Low-cost primary education: implementing an innovation in six nations. Ottawa: IDRC.

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D

 

Daniel, I. H.,1988. 'Doing the splits': core French in the elementary Schools. The impact of combined classes on students. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 45 (1) : 146-154.

Davies, E., 1992. The small primary school: Problem or paradigm? Forum, 17 (3): 76-78

Day, B., Hunt, G.H., 1975. Multiage classrooms: An analysis of verbal communication. Elementary School Journal, 75: 458-464.

Depain, Sonia, 2000. Enseigner dans des classes multicours(Multigrade teaching). Mémoire IUFM PE2, Académie de Montpellier. Full text

Dixon, A.,1978. Vertical grouping - A practice or a principle? Forum, 21 (1): 19-21

Dodendorf, D.M., 1983. A unique rural school environment. Psychology in the Schools, 20 (1): 99-104.

Draisey, A.G., 1985. Vertical grouping in the primary school - a positive view. Education for Development, 9 (1): 3-11.

Dreier ,W.H., 1949. The differential achievement of rural graded and ungraded school pupils. Journal of Educational Research, 43 (3): 175-18.

Dunne, F., 1977. Choosing smallness: an examination of the small school experience in rural America. In Sher, J.P. (ed.), Education in rural America: a reassessment of conventional wisdom. Westview Press: Boulder, Colorado.

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E

Edmunds, E.L., Bessai, F., 1977. Small schools. Headteachers Review 68, (3): 54-56.

Edmunds, E.L., Bessai, F., 1978. Small schools. Headteachers' Review, 69: 2-5.

Ekanayaka, S.B., Mohottige, U.S., 1989. Disparity in achievement: A case study of Sri Lanka. National Institute of Education, Sri Lanka.

Eric Clearing House, unknown date. Multiage classroom bibliography. Eric Website.

Ewing, J.L., 1970. Development of the New Zealand primary school curriculum 1877-1970. New Zealand Council for Educational Research: Wellington.

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F

Farrell, J.P., 1999. Improving educational quality in Pakistan and Nepal: Local and international perspectives (draft). Ontario Institute for Studies in Education/University of Toronto

Finley, C.J., Thompson J.M., 1963. A comparison of the achievement of multi-graded and single-graded rural elementary school children .The Journal of Educational Research, 56 (9): 471-475.

Ford, B.E., 1977. Multiage grouping in the elementary school and children's affective development: a review of recent research. The Elementary School Journal Nov 1977: 149-159

Forward, B., 1988.Teaching in the smaller school. CUP: Cambridge

Francis, L.J., 1992. Primary school size and pupil attitudes: small is happy? Educational Management and Administration 20 (2): 100-104

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G

Galton, M.; Simon, B.; Croll, P., 1980. Inside the primary classroom. Routledge: London

Galton, M., Simon, B, eds., 1980 Progress and performance in the primary classroom. Routledge and Kegan Paul: London

Galton, M., Patrick, H. eds., 1990. Curriculum provision in the small primary school Routledge: London

Galton, M., Fogelman, K., Hargreaves, L., Cavendish, S., 1991. The rural schools curriculum enhancement national evaluation (SCENE) project: Final report. Department of Education and Science: London, England

Galton, M., 1993. Managing education in small primary schools. ASPE paper number 4

Gaustad, J., 1992. Nongraded primary education. ERIC Digest, Number 74.

Gautrey, F., 1990. Cross age tutoring in Frankley. Reading 24 (1): 21-27

GOI/UN, 1999. A list of important material for MGT. JANSHALA 2 (3). Available from Janshala

GOI/UN, 1999. Workshop on teacher development in multigrade context. Janshala 2 (3). Available from Janshala

Goldberg, N., 2001. Report on the 2000 grade 2 national assessment. Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Measurement and Evaluation Unit, Dominica.

Gordon, W., 1996. Enhancing the effectiveness of single-teacher schools and multi-grade classes: situation and challenges. UNESCO and the Royal Ministry of Education Research and Church Affairs: Norway

Grady, H. et al., 1998. Education for poor children: Research findings from Lao Cai Province, Vietnam. Oxfam Great Britain, Vietnam Country Programme

Gregory, R., 1975. The educational advantages of the small primary school. Forum 17 (3): 79-81

Griffin, D., Smith, R.A., 1978. Vertical grouping in secondary schools

Gritzman, N., 1998. Teaching in the Multigrade Classroom. A Pack of Materials to Support Teachers in Multigrade Classrooms in Stann Creek District, Belize. Belize Teacher's Training College, Belize

Gupta, D., Jain, M., Bala N., 1996. Multigrade teaching - status and implications. National Council of Educational Research and Training.

Gusky, T.R., Lindle, J.C., 1997. Research on multi-age/multi-grade classes: report to the teaching and learning issues group. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 420915.

Gutierrez, R., Slavin, R. E., 1992. Achievement effects of the nongraded elementary school: a best evidence sythesis. Review of Educational Research 62 (4): 333-376.

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H

Hamzah, M. D., Raman, S., 1988. Sabah multiple class project Phase II: project evaluation report. Education Department, Sabah.

Harbison, R., Hanushek, Eric A.,1992. Educational performance of the poor: lessons from rural northeast Brazil. OUP for the World Bank: Oxford.

Hargreaves, L. et al., 1996. The national curriculum: can small schools deliver? Confidence and competence levels of teachers in small rural primary schools. British Educational Research Journal, 22(1): 89-99.

Hargreaves, E., 2001. Assessment for learning in the multigrade classroom. International Journal of Educational Development, 21(6): 553-560.

Hargreaves, E. et al. 2001. Multigrade Teaching in Peru, Sri Lanka and Vietnam: an overview. International Journal of Educational Development, 21 (6): 499-520.

Harrison, D.A., Busher, H., 1995. Small schools, big ideas: primary education in rural areas. The British Journal of Educational Studies 43 (4): 384-397.

Haugen, V.R., 1998. Evaluation of ethnic minority education project Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam. Save the Children (UK), Hanoi, Vietnam.

Hayes, D., 1999. Organising learning in mixed age classes: a case study about a multi-task lesson. Curriculum 20(2): 100-109.

Heeney, M.R., 1996. The implementation process of two multigrade/multiyear teams in two middle schools in South Florida: a cross-site case study. Paper presented at the annual conference of the national Middle School Association (23rd, Baltimore, MD, October 31-November 3, 1996).

Hopkins, D.; Ellis. P. D., 1991. The effective small primary school: some significant factors. School Organisation 11 (1): 115-122

Howells, R., 1982. Curriculum provision in the small primary school. Cambridge Insitute of Education: Cambridge

Her Majesty's Inspector of Schools, 1978. Primary education in England. Department of Education and Science: London

Hussain, R.; Retallik, J., 2005. ‘Teaching and Learning in Multigrade Classes’, in Retallick, J, and Farah, I. Transforming Schools in Pakistan: towards the learning community, Karachi, Oxford University Press

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J

Jarousse, J-P., Mingat, A., 1991. Efficacité pédagogique de l'enseignment à cours multiples dans le contexte africain. [The educational efficiency of multigrade teaching in the African context]. IREDU-CNRS: University of Dijon.

Jarousse, J.P., Mingat, A., 1992. L'école primaire en Afrique: Fonctionnement, qualité, produits. Le cas du Togo. (The primary school in Africa: function, quality, results. The case of Togo). Dijon, France: Universite de Bourgnone, Institut de Recherche sur Leconomie de L'Education.

Jayawardena, A.A., 1995. A study on the factors affecting the educational achievement of students in multigrade schools in disadvantaged areas in Sri Lanka. Unpublished PhD Thesis: University of Colombo, Sri Lanka

Joubert, J. 2007. Adapted/Adjusted Curriculum for Multigraded teaching in Africa: A real solution? Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa. Unpublished paper.

Juarez et al., 1992. Multigrade schools: An information packet. US Agency for International Development Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, Office of Development Resources, Education and Human Resources Division. Report Number: (Contract) LAC 0032 C 00 9036 00

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K

Kamat, K., 1998 Management and organisation of learning in multilevel/multigrade situations for school effectiveness. Paper delivered at Seminar on Studies on Learning Organisation, Community Participation and School Effectiveness at Primary Stage: International Perspective: National Council of Educational Research and Training, India

Kazibwe, F. M., 2004. An Assessment of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Multi-Grade Teaching in Kalangala District (Alternative Methods of Providing Formal Basic Education. An Assessment of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Multi-Grade Teaching in Kalangala District. A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of The Degree of Master of Management Studies (Public Administration and Management) of Uganda Management Institute.

Keast, D., 1987. Small primary schools: perspectives 30. School of Education, University of Exeter: Exeter

Keast, D., 1991. Small schools in clusters. Exeter Small Schools Network: Exeter

Keast, D., 1992. Small schools after ERA: 1992 (the second) survey. Exeter Small Schools Network: Exeter

Keast, D., 1992. Small rural primary schools: a resource book. Exeter Small Schools Network: Exeter

Khan, J. W., 2006. School Improvement in Multigrade Situation (SIMS): An innovation of the PDCC: Karachi

Khan, J.W. and Khan, S.A., 2007. School Improvement in a Multigrade Situation. An Action Research carried out in Chitral-Pakistan. Unpublished article

Kich Pham Vu et al., 1995. Teacher Training Modules on methods and techniques of multigrade teaching and learning (Module 4, module 5, module 6). UNICEF: Hanoi

King, S.; Young, P., 1996. Opening the door on best practice: contrasting teaching styles in the multigrade classroom. Education in Rural Australia 6 (1): 28-36

Knight, Elton E., 1938. A study of double grades in New Haven city schools. Journal of Experimental Education 7 (1): 11-18

Kotze, H., 2000. Struggling no more. An evaluation of Molteno's multigrade foundation phase classroom model. The Molteno project, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa

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L

Laukkanen, R.; Selventoinen, P., 1978. Small schools and combined grades in Finland. OECD, Centre for Educational Research and Innovation: Paris

Lee, J., 1984. Vertical grouping in the primary school: a report of a study by Lancaster University on behalf of the Schools Council . School Organisation 4 (2): 133-142

Little, A.,1995. Multi-grade teaching: a review of research and practice. ODA: London. Full text

Little, A.W., 2001. Multigrade teaching: towards an international research and policy agenda. International Journal of Educational Development, 21 (6):481-498

Little, A.W., 2004. Learning and Teaching in Multigrade Settings. Paper prepared for the UNESCO 2005 EFA Monitoring Report

Little, A.W., 2008. Size Matters for EFA. CREATE PATHWAYS TO ACCESS. Research Monograph No 26. CREATE: Brighton. Full text.

Lockheed, M. E., Verspoor, A. M., 1991. Improving primary education in developing countries. Oxford University Press/World Bank: Oxford/Washington.

Loewe, M.A., 1997. Issues in basic education: the Department of Education, Culture and Sports. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 431689.

Lungwangwa, G., 1989. Multi-grade schools in Zambian primary education: a report on the pilot schools in Mkushi District. Report number 47 for SIDA Education Division: Stockholm, Sweden

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M

Malmros, A.; Norlen, C., 1984. Aldersintegrerade Klasser: förekomst och spridning. Högskolan för lärarutbildning i Stockholm Institutionen för barn och ungdomsvetenskap, Stockholm.

Malmros, A, Sahlin, B. , 1992. Aldersintegrerade klasser I grundskolan: förekomst och spridning: uppföljande kartläggning läsaret 1987/88. Högskolan för lärarutbildning i Stockholm Institutionen för barn och ungdomsvetenskap, Stockholm.

Marklund, S., 1969. School organisation, school location and student achievement. International Review of Education, 15 (3): 295-318.

Martens Cl.C.,1954. Educational achievements of eighth-grade pupils in one-room rural and graded town schools. The Elementary School Journal, 54 (9): 523-525.

Mason, D.A., Stimson, J., 1996. Combination and non-graded classes: definitions and frequency in twelve states. The Elementary School Journal 96 (4): 439-452.

Mason, D. A., Burns, R. B., 1997. Reassessing the effects of combination classes. Educational Research and Evaluation 3 (1): 1-53.

Mason, D. A., Burns, R. B., 1996. Teachers' views of combination classes. Journal of Educational Research 89 (1): 36-45.

Mason, D.A., Good, T.L., 1996. Mathematics instruction in combination and single grade classes: an exploratory investigation. Teachers College Record 98 (2): 236-265.

Mason, D. A., Doepner, R.W., 1998. Principal's views of combination classes. Journal of Educational Research 91 (3): 160-172.

Matthews, M.W., Monsaas, J.A., Penick, J.M., 1997. A comparative study of the literacy development of at-risk children in graded versus nongraded classrooms. Reading Research and Instruction 36 (3): 225-239.

McEwan, P., 1998. The effectiveness of multigrade schools in Columbia. International Journal of Educational Development, 18 (6): 435-452.

McEwan, P.J., Benveniste, L., 2001. The politics of school reform: Escuela Nueva in Colombia. Journal of Education Policy, 16 (6): 547-559

McClellan, D.E., Kinsey, S.J., 1999. Children's social behaviour in relation to participation in mixed-age or same-age classrooms. Early Childhood Education Research and Pracitce, 1 (1). Full text

McGinn, Noel F., 1998. Resistance to good ideas: Escuela Nueva in Colombia in Buchert, L (Ed.) Education Reform in the South in the 1990's, Paris: UNESCO

Meyenn, B., Squires, D., Woolley, M., 1994. Evaluation of the multigrade teaching project in Vietnam. UNICEF: Hanoi, Vietnam.

Miguel, M.M., Barsaga E.B., 1997. Multi-grade schooling in the Philippines, a strategy for improving access to and quality of primary education. In Chapman, D.W., Mahlck, L.O., Smulders, A.E.M. (eds.) From planning to action: government initiatives for improving school-level practice. Pergamon/UNESCO: Oxford/Paris.

Milburn, D.,1981. A study of multi-age or family-grouped classrooms. Phi Delta Kappan, 62 (7): 513-514

Miller, B. A., 1989. The multigrade classroom: a resource handbook for small rural schools Regional Educational Laboratory: Oregon, USA. Full text

Miller, B.A., 1990. A review of the quantitative research on multigrade instruction. Research in Rural Education 7 (1): 1-8.

Miller, B.A., 1991. A review of the qualitative research on multigrade education Journal of Research in Rural Education 7 (2): 3-12

Miller, B., May 1991. Teaching and learning in the multigrade classroom: student performance and instructional routines. ERIC Digest Number EDO-RC-91-6.

Miller, B.A., Eldin, H.E., 2000. A study of Egyptian one classroom schools in the governorates of Behaira, Beni-Suef, and Minia. Cairo, Egypt: A report by Learnlink Egypt for USAID/Egyptian Ministry of Education

Ministère de l'éducation de base et de l'alphabetisation, 1996. Réunion d'experts pour l'amelioration des écoles à mâitres uniques et à classes multigrades: communication du Mali. Inter-regional workshop on single teacher schools and multigrade classes: Lillehammer, Norway

Ministere de l'enseignment de base et de l'alphabetisation, 1996. L'impact des innovations pédagogiques sur l'augmentation de l'offre éducative et du taux de scolarisation. Inter-regional workshop on single teacher schools and multigrade classes. Lillehammer, Norway

Ministerio de Educacion 1995. Estructura curricular para centros educativos unitarios. Ministerio de Educación, Programma de educación básica para todos, Lima.

Ministerio de Educacion, 1996. La escuela rural guatemalteca en los albores del tercer milenio: génesis de una nueva escuela unitaria. Memoria técnica de la experiencia piloto. Ministerio de Educación, Guatemala.

Ministry of General Education and Culture, 1985. Multi-grade teaching system. Malcolm Moffat Teacher's College: Zambia

Ministry of Education and Training, year unknown. Multigrade teaching for primary age children. UNICEF Hanoi/Ministry of Education and Training: Vietnam

Montero, C., et al.,1999. La escuela rural: estudio para identificar modalidades y prioridades de intervención. IEP: Lima, Peru.

Montero, C. et al., 2001. La escuela rural: Estudio para identificar modalidades y prioridades de intervención. Documento de trabajo No.2. Ministerio de Educación - MECEP. Lima. Full text

Mulcahy, D., 1993. Developing a 'distinctive approach' for multi-grade classrooms: some preliminary considerations Education Canada 33 (1): 24-29

Mulcahy, D., 1999. From multigrade to multiage: A journey of discovery, affirmation and transformation. Paper presented at The sustainability of small rural schools across the North Atlantic Rim: 50th anniversary symposium (August 11-15, 1999): St Anthony, Newfoundland, Canada

Muthayan, S., 1999. Case studies of multigrade teaching in India and Canada: implications for improving primary school effectiveness. Paper presented at International Seminar of Researches in School Effectiveness at Primary Level: National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi, India

Mycock, M.A., 1967. A comparison of vertical grouping and horizontal grouping in the infant school. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 37: 133-135.

Mycock, M. A., 1970. Vertical grouping. In Vincent, R (ed.) Teaching in the British primary school. Macmillan: London

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N

Nash, R.; Williams H.L.; Evans, M., 1976. The one-teacher school. British Journal of Educational Studies 24 (1): 12-32

Nash, R., 1977. Perceptions of the village school. Research Intelligence 3 (1): 10-13

Nash, R., 1978. More evidence in support of village schools. Where 139: 189-190

Nielsen HD, Gillette E, Thompson E., 1993. Multigrade teaching in Belize: current practice and its relation to student achievement. Ministry of Education: Belize City, Belize.

Nielsen, D., 1995. Multigrade teaching rapid appraisal procedure. Education Development Center, Washingrton DC.

Noonan, R., Hallak, J., 1987. Multi-age instructional settings in less developed countries. Prospects, 17 (4): 607-625.

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O

Oberlander, T. M., 1989. A nongraded, multi-aged program that works. Principal 68 (5): 29-30

Office for Standards in Education, 2000. Small schools: How well are they doing? A report by OFSTED based on the data from inspections and national test results. Report available at www.official-documents.co.uk/document/ofsted

Odyek-Ocen, M., 2000. Ugandan experience with multigrade teaching. Paper presented at Commonwealth Secretariat Regional Workshop on Multigrade Teaching Modules: Gaberone, Botswana

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